Which bacteria can be transferred from contaminated food to humans via flies?

Shigella is known to be transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and one significant avenue for this transmission is through contaminated food and water, often facilitated by vectors such as flies. Flies can land on human or animal waste and then contaminate food, leading to infection when humans consume that food. This is particularly relevant in areas with poor sanitation, where fly populations can thrive and readily access waste materials.

While Salmonella Typhi, Non-typhi Salmonella, and E. coli can also be transmitted through contaminated food, their primary modes of transmission differ slightly. For instance, Salmonella Typhi is mainly associated with contaminated water and is less commonly spread by flies compared to Shigella. Non-typhi Salmonella can be spread by direct contact with infected animals or their environment, as well as through contaminated food, but again, fly transmission is less emphasized. E. coli can also be foodborne, particularly in undercooked meats and unwashed vegetables, but the association with flies transferring bacteria is not as strong as it is with Shigella.

Thus, the link between Shigella and vector transmission via flies firmly establishes its relevance in public health discussions about food safety and hygiene practices.